Where is an intraosseous (IO) line typically inserted?

An intraosseous (IO) line is typically inserted just below the tibial tuberosity, which is the prominent bony landmark on the anterior aspect of the tibia. This location is chosen because the tibia is relatively shallow and has a thick cortex, making it easier to locate and access the medullary cavity for fluid and medication administration. By placing the IO line just below the tibial tuberosity, the practitioner can effectively access the intraosseous space in emergencies, especially in pediatric patients where peripheral venous access may be difficult or time-consuming.

The other locations mentioned, such as two fingers above the medial malleolus, at the midpoint of the femur, and at the distal radius, do not provide the same ease of access or safety profile as the chosen site. Each of these alternatives either lacks anatomical suitability for IO placement or could risk injury to critical structures, making them less preferable for this emergency intervention.